Evidence Library
Selected peer-reviewed sources informing our educational content.
The references below are among the sources our medical reviewer draws on when reviewing site content. This library is not exhaustive; it is a starting point for readers who want to consult primary literature.
Surgical Anatomy & Technique
- Mendelson BC. Surgical anatomy of the midcheek: facial layers, spaces, and the midcheek segments. Clin Plast Surg.
- Hamra ST. The deep-plane rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg.
- Jacono AA, Malone MH. The effect of deep plane facelift on lower face and neck contour. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am.
Outcomes & Longevity
- Jacono AA, et al. A comparison of deep-plane and superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) facelift outcomes.
- Alpert BS, Baker DC, Hamra ST, et al. Identical twin face lifts with differing techniques: a 10-year follow-up.
Societies & Consensus Statements
- American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS)
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)
- American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS)
Full references list: /references. Verification methodology: /sources-and-verification.
Last reviewed: June 2026. Educational content only — not medical advice.